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二 Linux简明系统维护手册

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【二 Linux简明系统维护手册】四、主要的软件安装
前面说过，我的习惯是，装系统的时候就安装一个内核和编译系统，得到了一个干净的系统后，再安装其他的软件就比较清晰 。另一点，除非搞不到源代码版本，一般情况下我都会下载官方版本的源代码文件，来重新编译之 。同样的，选择软件版本要根据该软件的Release Note来决定，并非越新越好 。这就是为什么很多软件都是几个版本齐头并进的发展之原因 。这些软件不同版本之间的安装方法会有少许不同，安装前一定要仔细阅读目录中的README文件和INSTALL文件，否则这些少许不同会造成不少得麻烦 。下面描述的安装过程都核版本号紧密相关 。另外，所有的软件都把程序文件的包拷贝到/usr/local/src目录中再解压缩，这是习惯 。因为在Linux中习惯于把后来的软件装在/usr/local中 。
(1)安装DNS服务器
1、从www.isc.org下载bind 域名服务器软件 。我们这里用的是bind8.3.0，bind8分支和bind9分支是并行发展的 。根据自己的实际情况选择合适的bind版本 。
2、mkdir /usr/src/bind83
3、下载的文件叫bind-src.tar.gz，复制到/usr/local/src/bind83目录下 。
4、cd /usr/local/src/bind83
5、tar zxvf bind-src.tar.gz
6、cd src
7、make stdlinks
8、make clean
9、make depend
10、make all
11、make install
12、编辑配置文件：/etc/named.conf内容如下，需要更改的部分用黑体标出：
/* * This is a worthless, nonrunnable example of a named.conf file that has * every conceivable syntax element in use.We use it to test the parser. * It could also be used as a conceptual template for users of new features. *//* * C-style comments are OK */// So are C-style comments# So are shell-style comments// watch out for ";" -- it"s important!options {directory "/var/named";// use current directorynamed-xfer "/usr/libexec/named-xfer";// _PATH_XFERdump-file "named_dump.db";// _PATH_DUMPFILEpid-file "/var/run/named.pid";// _PATH_PIDFILEstatistics-file "named.stats";// _PATH_STATSmemstatistics-file "named.memstats";// _PATH_MEMSTATScheck-names master fail;check-names slave warn;check-names response ignore;host-statistics no;deallocate-on-exit no;// Painstakingly deallocate all// objects when exiting instead of// letting the OS clean up for us.// Useful a memory leak is suspected.// Final statistics are written to the// memstatistics-file.datasize default;stacksize default;coresize default;files unlimited;recursion yes;fetch-glue yes;fake-iquery no;notify yes;// send NOTIFY messages.You can set // notify on a zone-by-zone // basis in the "zone" statement // see (below)serial-queries 4;// number of parallel SOA queries // we can have outstanding for master // zone change testing purposesauth-nxdomain yes;// always set AA on NXDOMAIN. // don"t set this to "no" unless // you know what you"re doing -- older // servers won"t like it.multiple-cnames no;// if yes, then a name my have more// than one CNAME RR.This use// is non-standard and is not// recommended, but it is available// because previous releases supported// it and it was used by large sites// for load balancing.allow-query { any; };allow-transfer { any; };transfers-in 10;// DEFAULT_XFERS_RUNNING, cannot be// set > than MAX_XFERS_RUNNING (20)transfers-per-ns 2;// DEFAULT_XFERS_PER_NStransfers-out 0;// not implementedmax-transfer-time-in 120;// MAX_XFER_TIME; the default number// of minutes an inbound zone transfer// may run.May be set on a per-zone// basis.transfer-format one-answer;query-source address * port *;/** The "forward" option is only meaningful if you"ve defined* forwarders."first" gives the normal BIND* forwarding behavior, i.e. ask the forwarders first, and if that* doesn"t work then do the full lookup.You can also say* "forward only;" which is what used to be specified with* "slave" or "options forward-only"."only" will never attempt * a full lookup; only the forwarders will be used. */forward first;forwarders { };// default is no forwarderstopology { localhost; localnets; };// prefer local nameserverslisten-on port 53 { any; };// listen for queries on port 53 on// any interface on the system// (i.e. all interfaces).The// "port 53" is optional; if you// don"t specify a port, port 53// is assumed./** Interval Timers*/cleaning-interval 60;// clean the cache of expired RRs// every "cleaning-interval" minutesinterface-interval 60;// scan for new or deleted interfaces// every "interface-interval" minutesstatistics-interval 60; // log statistics every// "statistics-interval" minutesmaintain-ixfr-base no;// If yes, keep transaction log file for IXFRmax-ixfr-log-size 20;// Not implemented, maximum size the// IXFR transaction log file to grow};/* * Control listeners, for "ndc".Every nameserver needs at least one. */controls {inet * port 52 allow { any; };// a bad ideaunix "/var/run/ndc" perm 0600 owner 0 group 0;// the default};zone "rd.xxx.com" in {type master;// what used to be called "primary" file "rd.xxx.com.db";check-names fail;allow-update { none; };allow-transfer { any; };allow-query { any; };// notify yes;// send NOTIFY messages for this// zone?The global option is used// if "notify" is not specified// here.also-notify { };// don"t notify any nameservers other// than those on the NS list for this// zone};zone "223.99.211.in-addr.arpa" in {type master;// what used to be called "secondary" file "21.9.22.db";};zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in {type master;file "127.0.0.db";};zone "." in {type hint;// used to be specified w/ "cache"file "named.root";};logging {/* * All log output goes to one or more "channels"; you can make as * many of them as you want. */channel syslog_errors { // this channel will send errors orsyslog user;// or worse to syslog (user facility)severity error;};category parser {syslog_errors;// you can log to as many channelsdefault_syslog;// as you want};category lame-servers { null; };// don"t log these at allchannel moderate_debug {severity debug 3;// level 3 debugging to filefile "foo";// fooprint-time yes;// timestamp log entriesprint-category yes;// print category nameprint-severity yes;// print severity level /** Note that debugging must have been turned on either* on the command line or with a signal to get debugging* output (non-debugging output will still be written to* this channel).*/};/** If you don"t want to see "zone XXXX loaded" messages but do* want to see any problems, you could do the following.*/channel no_info_messages {syslog;severity notice;};category load { no_info_messages; };/** You can also define category "default"; it gets used when no* "category" statement has been given for a category.*/category default {default_syslog;moderate_debug;};};13、在/var/named/中生成/etc/named.conf中标记的文件：rd.xxx.com.db，内容如下，需要修改和调整相应部分： ;Authoriative data for rd.xxx.com;$TTL 3600@INSOAcompaq.rd.xxx.com. tandongyu.rd.xxx.com. (20020101;Serial3600;Refresh 1 hour900;Retry 15 mins604800;Expire 7 days86400);Mini 24 hours;Name server NS records@INNScompaq.rd.xxx.com.;Mail Exchange (MX) recordsrd.xxx.com.INMX0compaq;Address (A) records.localhostINA127.0.0.1compaqINA21.9.22.9tls65 INA21.9.22.8fbsdINA21.9.22.714、在/var/named/中生成/etc/named.conf中标记的文件：21.9.22.db，内容如下，你需要修改相应部分：

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